Tuberculosis Management and DOTS
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease. Nurses support diagnosis, directly observed therapy (DOTS), and infection prevention.
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What you must know about Tuberculosis Management
TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mainly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB).
It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Key symptoms: cough for 2+ weeks, weight loss, night sweats, fever, and haemoptysis.
DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) ensures adherence to the full treatment.
Standard treatment lasts at least 6 months; stopping early causes drug resistance (MDR-TB).
Use airborne precautions and encourage cough hygiene to prevent spread.
NMCN Exam Tips
How this topic appears in the NMCN exam
DOTS ensures adherence and prevents drug resistance.
A cough lasting 2+ weeks is a key screening symptom.
TB spreads by airborne droplets — use airborne precautions.
Completing the full 6-month course prevents MDR-TB.
Practice Question
Test yourself
The strategy recommended to ensure that tuberculosis patients complete their full course of treatment and prevent drug resistance is:
Explanation
DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) involves a health worker or trained supporter observing the patient take each dose, ensuring adherence to the full course and preventing the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
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