Immunization Schedule and Cold Chain
Nigeria's immunization schedule and the cold chain ensure children receive potent vaccines on time to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases.
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What you must know about Immunization Schedule
The cold chain maintains vaccines at recommended temperatures from manufacture to administration.
Most vaccines are stored between +2°C and +8°C in the refrigerator.
OPV is the most heat-sensitive vaccine and is stored frozen at central levels.
A vaccine vial monitor (VVM) indicates whether a vaccine has been exposed to too much heat.
Never store vaccines in the refrigerator door where the temperature fluctuates.
Immunisation prevents diseases such as measles, polio, tuberculosis, tetanus, and diphtheria.
NMCN Exam Tips
How this topic appears in the NMCN exam
Most vaccines are stored at +2°C to +8°C — a frequently tested value.
OPV is the most heat-sensitive vaccine.
The vaccine vial monitor shows heat exposure/potency.
Cold chain failure destroys vaccine potency.
Practice Question
Test yourself
At what temperature range should most vaccines be stored to maintain the cold chain?
Explanation
Most vaccines must be stored between +2°C and +8°C to remain potent. Maintaining this cold chain from storage to administration is essential; exposure to heat or freezing can damage vaccines and render them ineffective.
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