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Immunization Schedule and Cold Chain

Nigeria's immunization schedule and the cold chain ensure children receive potent vaccines on time to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases.

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Key Points to Know

What you must know about Immunization Schedule

1

The cold chain maintains vaccines at recommended temperatures from manufacture to administration.

2

Most vaccines are stored between +2°C and +8°C in the refrigerator.

3

OPV is the most heat-sensitive vaccine and is stored frozen at central levels.

4

A vaccine vial monitor (VVM) indicates whether a vaccine has been exposed to too much heat.

5

Never store vaccines in the refrigerator door where the temperature fluctuates.

6

Immunisation prevents diseases such as measles, polio, tuberculosis, tetanus, and diphtheria.

NMCN Exam Tips

How this topic appears in the NMCN exam

Most vaccines are stored at +2°C to +8°C — a frequently tested value.

OPV is the most heat-sensitive vaccine.

The vaccine vial monitor shows heat exposure/potency.

Cold chain failure destroys vaccine potency.

Practice Question

Test yourself

At what temperature range should most vaccines be stored to maintain the cold chain?

A.Below 0°C (frozen)
B.+2°C to +8°C✓ Correct
C.+15°C to +25°C (room temperature)
D.+30°C to +37°C

Explanation

Most vaccines must be stored between +2°C and +8°C to remain potent. Maintaining this cold chain from storage to administration is essential; exposure to heat or freezing can damage vaccines and render them ineffective.

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