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maternal child

Newborn Assessment and Care

Immediate and ongoing newborn assessment detects problems early. Nurses evaluate vital signs, reflexes, and physical characteristics of the neonate.

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Key Points to Know

What you must know about Newborn Assessment

1

Normal newborn heart rate is about 120–160 beats/min; respiratory rate is 30–60 breaths/min.

2

Normal newborn temperature is about 36.5–37.5°C; prevent hypothermia by keeping the baby warm and dry.

3

Primitive reflexes include Moro, rooting, sucking, grasp, and stepping reflexes.

4

Immediate care: dry the baby, keep warm, ensure a clear airway, and initiate skin-to-skin contact.

5

Administer vitamin K to prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

6

Danger signs: poor feeding, lethargy, fever/hypothermia, fast breathing, and convulsions.

NMCN Exam Tips

How this topic appears in the NMCN exam

Know normal newborn vital sign ranges (HR 120–160, RR 30–60).

The Moro (startle) reflex is a commonly tested primitive reflex.

Keep the newborn warm and dry to prevent hypothermia.

Vitamin K prevents haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

Practice Question

Test yourself

What is the normal heart rate range for a healthy newborn?

A.60–100 beats per minute
B.100–120 beats per minute
C.120–160 beats per minute✓ Correct
D.160–200 beats per minute

Explanation

The normal newborn heart rate is approximately 120–160 beats per minute, which is faster than an adult's. Rates persistently outside this range require assessment.

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