Sterilization and Disinfection Methods
Sterilization destroys all microorganisms including spores, while disinfection reduces them. Nurses select the correct method for instruments and equipment.
Practice Sterilization Methods with PassMate AI →Key Points to Know
What you must know about Sterilization Methods
Sterilization destroys ALL microorganisms, including bacterial spores.
Disinfection reduces the number of microorganisms but may not kill all spores.
Autoclaving (moist heat under pressure) is the most common and reliable sterilization method.
A standard autoclave operates at about 121°C at 15 psi for around 15–20 minutes.
Other methods include dry heat, chemical sterilants, and gas (ethylene oxide) for heat-sensitive items.
The Spaulding classification categorises items as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical.
NMCN Exam Tips
How this topic appears in the NMCN exam
Sterilization kills ALL organisms including spores — disinfection does not.
Autoclaving is the most reliable sterilization method.
Remember ~121°C, 15 psi, ~15–20 minutes for autoclaving.
Critical items (entering sterile tissue) must be sterilized.
Practice Question
Test yourself
Which method is considered the most reliable for sterilizing surgical instruments in the hospital?
Explanation
Autoclaving uses moist heat (steam) under pressure (about 121°C at 15 psi) and is the most reliable and widely used method of sterilization, destroying all microorganisms including resistant bacterial spores.
Want more practice questions on Sterilization Methods? Practice with PassMate →
Related topics to study
Standard Precautions
Standard precautions are the basic infection prevention measures applied to all patients to reduce t...
Isolation Procedures
Isolation and transmission-based precautions prevent the spread of specific infections, layered on t...
Master Sterilization Methods with AI
Ask PassMate unlimited questions about this topic. Real NMCN past questions, instant explanations, available 24/7.
Start Practicing Now →